Contract
126 cases · May 2017 to July 2026
Case Volume by Year
1 17
2 18
3 19
2 21
7 24
53 25
58 26
2017–2026
Key Issues & Sub-Topics
Agreement — Sale and purchase agreement — 1st respondent claimed liquidated ascertained damages (“LAD”) against applicant for delay in delivery of vacant possession — Settlement agreement between applicant and 1st respondent — Whether settlement agreement entered — Whether settlement agreement is certain and capable of being certain — Whether settlement agreement entered prior to the occurrence of the delay of vacant possession —Whether 1st respondent estopped by settlement agreement from filing claim at the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claim 3 Unconscionability — Unequal bargaining power — Penalty clauses — Interest and late payment charges — Whether terms in a Letter of Offer and subsequent Settlement Agreement were unconscionable — Impact of prior commercial conduct and partial performance. 2 Illegality — Moneylending transaction — Sale and purchase agreements alleged to be sham — Whether agreements intended to disguise loan transaction — Whether contravened Moneylenders Act 1951 — Unlicensed moneylending — Effect of illegality — Whether agreements enforceable — Moneylenders Act 1951, ss 2, 5, 10OA, 15, 17A Contract — Illegality — Moneylending transaction — Sale and purchase agreements declared unenforceable — Effect on third-party claims — Whether plaintiff had beneficial interest in property — Moneylenders Act 1951, s 15 Contract — Privity of contract — Plaintiff not a party to sale and purchase agreement — Whether plaintiff entitled to assert rights against subsequent purchaser Contract — Sham agreements — Test — Intention of parties — Circumstantial evidence — Whether sale and purchase agreements were façade to camouflage illegal moneylending — Whether court entitled to lift veil and examine substance of transaction Appeal — Powers of appellate court — Failure of trial judge to address pleaded issue — Whether appellate court may determine issue not decided by trial court — Whether omission constitutes appealable error Equity — Beneficial interest — Whether illegal and void transaction capable of conferring equitable or beneficial rights Evidence — Presumption — Moneylenders Act 1951 — Presumption of moneylending — Burden of proof — Failure to rebut statutory presumption — Effect 2 offer and acceptance — counter offer Sale of land — whether acceptance by the purchaser is conditional Whether the inclusion of additional terms in the acceptance amounted to a counter offer Whether there is a valid contract 2 Guarantee — Guarantee Service Provider scheme under Kafalah contract — Concurrent rights of bank against customer and guarantee service provider — Corporate Guarantee’s right of subrogation and right of recourse — Whether bank entitled to recover from either or both — Whether defendant ultimately liable — Contracts Act 1950, s.77, s.78, s.79, & s.81. 2 Guarantee — Liability of guarantor — Guarantors claimed that they did not allegedly agree to guarantee the performance of the First Defendant’s obligation to pay any sums outstanding but had only promised that the First Defendant will comply with the terms of the agreement — Whether the Guarantors are discharge of their obligations — Letter of comfort 2 Development agreement — Construction — Whether agreement to be construed as a whole — Whether plaintiff established exclusive entitlement to Land Cost and judgment sum — Effect of contemporaneous documents and parties' conduct — Burden of proof. 1 Privatisation agreement — Termination — Alleged breach — Outstanding contractual payments — Counter-allegation of prior breach — Bad faith — Suitability for determination under Order 33. 1 Guarantee — Guarantors — Condition precedent — Certificate of Practical Completion (CPC) — Continuing guarantee — Construction of guarantee — Non-fulfilment of condition precedent — Main contract — KPRJ contract — Quantum — Burden of proof — Claim dismissed with costs 1 Loan agreement — Friendly loan — Cash advance — Proof of loan — Alleged advancement of RM180,000 in cash — Absence of receipts, bank statements or contemporaneous financial records — Borrower executing loan agreement and statutory declaration acknowledging receipt of money — Whether lender discharged burden of proof — Whether admissions sufficient to establish indebtedness — Evidence Act 1950, ss 17, 18, 21, 101–103. 1 Loan — Friendly loan — Cash transaction — Burden of proof — Distinction between proof of execution of loan documents and proof of actual disbursement of loan monies — Whether execution alone sufficient — Whether loan nevertheless proved through admissions and surrounding evidence. 1 Consent — Non est factum — Illiteracy or limited language proficiency — Borrower alleging inability to understand language of document — Allegation of deception — Admitted signature on loan agreement and statutory declaration — Whether consent vitiated — Whether signatory bound by signed document — Contracts Act 1950, ss 10, 14, 17–19. 1 Consideration — Loan agreement — Whether consideration proved — Cash loan — Relationship between contractual acknowledgment of receipt and proof of consideration — Contracts Act 1950, ss 2(d), 10. 1 Indemnity — Contractual indemnity under banker’s guarantee application — Bank paying beneficiary pursuant to guarantee — Recovery of amount paid — Alternative claim in unjust enrichment and restitution. 1 Misrepresentation — Fraud — Sale and purchase of land — Allegation that vendor represented bungalow stood wholly on land conveyed — Purchaser subsequently discovering structure straddled adjoining lot retained by vendor — Whether allegations of fraud and misrepresentation required proof notwithstanding defendant’s default — Evidence Act 1950. 1 Agreed damages — Liquidated damages clause — Default judgment — Whether agreed damages recoverable as liquidated demand — Discrepancy between pleaded amount and amount claimed in prayer — Requirement that stipulated sum constitute reasonable compensation — Contracts Act 1950, s 75. 1 Rescission — Restitution — Recovery of purchase price — Re-conveyance of land — Claim for agreed damages in addition to restitutionary relief — Whether claim raised issue of double recovery — Contracts Act 1950, ss 65, 66. 1 Recovery of debt — Supply of newspapers — Liability under vendor agreement and MEP arrangement — Proof of indebtedness by documentary evidence — Appeal against findings of fact — Whether appellate intervention warranted 1 Incorporation by reference — Professional services agreement — Effect of general incorporation clause and specific reference to individual condition within incorporated terms 1 Guarantee — Share sale transaction — Deed of Profit Guarantee and Escrow — Alleged substitution and release of guarantor — Whether defendant discharged from obligations under profit guarantee by December 2022 arrangements involving third party guarantor 1
+ 134 more
Agreement — Sale and purchase agreement — 1st respondent claimed liquidated ascertained damages (“LAD”) against applicant for delay in delivery of vacant possession — Settlement agreement between applicant and 1st respondent — Whether settlement agreement entered — Whether settlement agreement is certain and capable of being certain — Whether settlement agreement entered prior to the occurrence of the delay of vacant possession —Whether 1st respondent estopped by settlement agreement from filing claim at the Tribunal for Homebuyers Claim 3 cases
wa-25-228-08-2023 RAKAN SETIA HOUSING SDN. BHD. v 1. ) MOHAMAD SYAHRULFITRI BIN MOHD RIDZWAN 2. ) TRIBUNAL TUNTUTAN PEMBELI RUMAH
3 December 2024
wa-25-278-09-2023 RAKAN SETIA HOUSING SDN. BHD. v 1. ) MOHD ADI FIRDAUS BIN MAT SAAD 2. ) TRIBUNAL TUNTUTAN PEMBELI RUMAH
3 December 2024
wa-25-287-09-2023 RAKAN SETIA HOUSING SDN. BHD. v 1. ) MOHD RAFIQ BIN CHE ANI 2. ) TRIBUNAL TUNTUTAN PEMBELI RUMAH
3 December 2024
Unconscionability — Unequal bargaining power — Penalty clauses — Interest and late payment charges — Whether terms in a Letter of Offer and subsequent Settlement Agreement were unconscionable — Impact of prior commercial conduct and partial performance. 2 cases
ba-12ancc-47-10-2025 1. ) ST HEALTHCARE GROUP SDN. BHD. 2. ) NORAISHAH BINTI ABDUL HALIM 3. ) SAFARUDIN BIN TAMBI v MODALKU VENTURES SDN. BHD.
13 April 2026
ba-12ancc-48-10-2025 1. ) ST HEALTHCARE GROUP SDN. BHD. 2. ) NORAISHAH BINTI ABDUL HALIM 3. ) SAFARUDIN BIN TAMBI v MODALKU VENTURES SDN. BHD.
13 April 2026
Illegality — Moneylending transaction — Sale and purchase agreements alleged to be sham — Whether agreements intended to disguise loan transaction — Whether contravened Moneylenders Act 1951 — Unlicensed moneylending — Effect of illegality — Whether agreements enforceable — Moneylenders Act 1951, ss 2, 5, 10OA, 15, 17A Contract — Illegality — Moneylending transaction — Sale and purchase agreements declared unenforceable — Effect on third-party claims — Whether plaintiff had beneficial interest in property — Moneylenders Act 1951, s 15 Contract — Privity of contract — Plaintiff not a party to sale and purchase agreement — Whether plaintiff entitled to assert rights against subsequent purchaser Contract — Sham agreements — Test — Intention of parties — Circumstantial evidence — Whether sale and purchase agreements were façade to camouflage illegal moneylending — Whether court entitled to lift veil and examine substance of transaction Appeal — Powers of appellate court — Failure of trial judge to address pleaded issue — Whether appellate court may determine issue not decided by trial court — Whether omission constitutes appealable error Equity — Beneficial interest — Whether illegal and void transaction capable of conferring equitable or beneficial rights Evidence — Presumption — Moneylenders Act 1951 — Presumption of moneylending — Burden of proof — Failure to rebut statutory presumption — Effect 2 cases
offer and acceptance — counter offer Sale of land — whether acceptance by the purchaser is conditional Whether the inclusion of additional terms in the acceptance amounted to a counter offer Whether there is a valid contract 2 cases
aa-22ncvc-74-10-2020 CAHAYA WIBAWA SDN.BHD v DEWAN PERNIAGAAN INDIA PERAK (Perak Indian Chamber of Commerce) dan diwakili oleh Majlis atau pemegang-pemegang yang bernama 1.RAVISANKAR A/L BALASUBRAMANIAM Pengurusi 2.HAJI SULTAN ABDUL KHADER A/L SHAIK MOHAMED-Timbalan Pengerusi 3. ASOKAN A/L YATHIRAJU-Setiausaha 4.SARAVANABAWAN MATHIALAGAN-Penolong Setiausaha 5.MUNIAMMAL A/P SUPPIAH CHETTIAR-Bendahari 6.GANESAN A/L SUBRAMANIAM-Ahli J/kuasa 7.MANIMARAN A/L EKAMPARAM -Ahli J/Kuasa 8.YEGAMBARAM AM SUPPIAH PILLAY-Ahli ...
22 September 2025
aa-24ncvc-118-03-2022 SULTAN ABDUL KHADER A/L SHAIK MOHAMED (SEBAGAI TIMBALAN PENGERUSI DEWAN PERNIAGAAN INDIA PERAK DAHULUNYA DIKENALI SEBAGAI PERAK INDIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE) v CAHAYA WIBAWA SDN. BHD.
22 September 2025
Guarantee — Guarantee Service Provider scheme under Kafalah contract — Concurrent rights of bank against customer and guarantee service provider — Corporate Guarantee’s right of subrogation and right of recourse — Whether bank entitled to recover from either or both — Whether defendant ultimately liable — Contracts Act 1950, s.77, s.78, s.79, & s.81. 2 cases
Guarantee — Liability of guarantor — Guarantors claimed that they did not allegedly agree to guarantee the performance of the First Defendant’s obligation to pay any sums outstanding but had only promised that the First Defendant will comply with the terms of the agreement — Whether the Guarantors are discharge of their obligations — Letter of comfort 2 cases
Development agreement — Construction — Whether agreement to be construed as a whole — Whether plaintiff established exclusive entitlement to Land Cost and judgment sum — Effect of contemporaneous documents and parties' conduct — Burden of proof. 1 case
Privatisation agreement — Termination — Alleged breach — Outstanding contractual payments — Counter-allegation of prior breach — Bad faith — Suitability for determination under Order 33. 1 case
Guarantee — Guarantors — Condition precedent — Certificate of Practical Completion (CPC) — Continuing guarantee — Construction of guarantee — Non-fulfilment of condition precedent — Main contract — KPRJ contract — Quantum — Burden of proof — Claim dismissed with costs 1 case
Loan agreement — Friendly loan — Cash advance — Proof of loan — Alleged advancement of RM180,000 in cash — Absence of receipts, bank statements or contemporaneous financial records — Borrower executing loan agreement and statutory declaration acknowledging receipt of money — Whether lender discharged burden of proof — Whether admissions sufficient to establish indebtedness — Evidence Act 1950, ss 17, 18, 21, 101–103. 1 case
Loan — Friendly loan — Cash transaction — Burden of proof — Distinction between proof of execution of loan documents and proof of actual disbursement of loan monies — Whether execution alone sufficient — Whether loan nevertheless proved through admissions and surrounding evidence. 1 case
Consent — Non est factum — Illiteracy or limited language proficiency — Borrower alleging inability to understand language of document — Allegation of deception — Admitted signature on loan agreement and statutory declaration — Whether consent vitiated — Whether signatory bound by signed document — Contracts Act 1950, ss 10, 14, 17–19. 1 case
Consideration — Loan agreement — Whether consideration proved — Cash loan — Relationship between contractual acknowledgment of receipt and proof of consideration — Contracts Act 1950, ss 2(d), 10. 1 case
Indemnity — Contractual indemnity under banker’s guarantee application — Bank paying beneficiary pursuant to guarantee — Recovery of amount paid — Alternative claim in unjust enrichment and restitution. 1 case
Misrepresentation — Fraud — Sale and purchase of land — Allegation that vendor represented bungalow stood wholly on land conveyed — Purchaser subsequently discovering structure straddled adjoining lot retained by vendor — Whether allegations of fraud and misrepresentation required proof notwithstanding defendant’s default — Evidence Act 1950. 1 case
Agreed damages — Liquidated damages clause — Default judgment — Whether agreed damages recoverable as liquidated demand — Discrepancy between pleaded amount and amount claimed in prayer — Requirement that stipulated sum constitute reasonable compensation — Contracts Act 1950, s 75. 1 case
Rescission — Restitution — Recovery of purchase price — Re-conveyance of land — Claim for agreed damages in addition to restitutionary relief — Whether claim raised issue of double recovery — Contracts Act 1950, ss 65, 66. 1 case
Recovery of debt — Supply of newspapers — Liability under vendor agreement and MEP arrangement — Proof of indebtedness by documentary evidence — Appeal against findings of fact — Whether appellate intervention warranted 1 case
Incorporation by reference — Professional services agreement — Effect of general incorporation clause and specific reference to individual condition within incorporated terms 1 case
Release — Construction of contractual documents — Whether plaintiff’s letter dated 21 December 2022 constituted complete and unconditional release — Whether release dependent upon fulfilment or deemed fulfilment of conditions in “Agreement to Release PG” 1 case
Waiver and remission — Section 64 Contracts Act 1950 — Whether promisee may dispense with contractual performance without consideration — Whether alleged dispensation unconditional or conditional upon disputed matters — Whether waiver by conduct capable of summary determination on affidavit evidence 1 case
Sale of goods — Payment — Pay-when-paid clause — Whether payment obligation contingent upon prior payment by Government — Whether unsigned conditional letter of appointment formed binding agreement — Whether subsequent purchase orders with express payment terms superseded alleged contingent arrangement — Whether defence of prematurity established 1 case
Interest — Late payment interest — Whether plaintiff entitled to contractual late payment interest stated in invoices — Whether failure to previously enforce strict payment timelines constituted waiver — Whether defendants had notice of interest clause 1 case
Novation — Tenancy agreement — Alleged transfer of tenant’s obligations to third party developer by novation agreement — Whether landlords consented to novation — Requirement of consent of all parties — Whether acceptance of rent from third party constituted consent to substitution of obligor — Contracts Act 1950, s 63 1 case
Assignment and novation — Requirement of notice under tenancy agreement — Whether absence of written notice under contractual clause precluded finding of novation — Whether novation established on affidavit evidence alone 1 case
Oral contract — Ship repair works — Claim for work done — Whether additional works fell within original contract sum or were separately chargeable — Whether contractor entitled to payment for additional works requested and accepted by employer — Contracts Act 1950, s 71 1 case
Key Statutes
Contracts Act 1950
cited in 28 cases Evidence Act 1950 (Cap 56)
cited in 22 cases Rules of Court 2012
cited in 16 cases Limitation Act 1953 (Cap 254)
cited in 6 cases Companies Act 2016 (Cap 777)
cited in 5 cases Courts of Judicature Act 1964 (Cap 91)
cited in 3 cases Contracts Act
cited in 3 cases Subordinate Courts Act 1948 (Cap 92)
cited in 3 cases Civil Law Act 1956
cited in 2 cases Moneylenders Act 1951
cited in 2 cases Moneylending Act 1951
cited in 2 cases Capital Markets and Services Act 2007
cited in 2 cases Specific Relief Act 1950 (Cap 137)
cited in 2 cases Arbitration Act 1940
cited in 1 case
cited in 1 case
Court Distribution
Key People & Firms
Top Judges
Raja Segaran a/l S.krishnan 15 Moh Kok Wai 14 Noradura binti Hamzah 11 Yusrin Faidz bin Yusoff 11 Ismail bin Brahim 6 Mohd Arief Emran bin Arifin 6 Muhammad Adam bin Abdullah 5 Zaharah binti Ibrahim 4 Mohd Radzi bin Harun 4 Su Tiang Joo 4 Wan Ahmad Farid bin Wan Salleh 4 Azahar bin Mohamed 3 Elaine Yap Chin Gaik 3 Shamsulbahri bin Haji Ibrahim 3 Shamsul Bahrin bin Abdul Manaf 3
Top Firms
Cases
Page 2 of 6ja-22ncvc-46-04-2021
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AC FIRST GENESIS BERHAD v NEXT SHOP SDN BHD
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MYHC
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1. ) WONG SIN YIN 2. ) SAM PIK YING v MDSA RESOURCES SDN. BHD. (Dahulu dikenali sebagai Fuyuu Resources Sdn. Bhd.)
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wa-12ancvc-132-10-2025
LAKEFRONT RESIDENCE SDN BHD v 1. ) ANG SOK CHOO 2. ) LEE HAI PING 3. ) LEE THIN YOW 4. ) SAK YOKE MENG 5. ) TAM KWEE THAI 6. ) TEH HUI BOON 7. ) YAP HAN CHONG 8. ) SHIRLEY TEO
24 March 2026
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MYHC
ma-22ncc-9-06-2023
ALLIANCE BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD v 1. ) SUPREME POWER AUTO SDN. BHD. 2. ) LIM TECK BOON 3. ) LIM JEN JIN
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MYHC
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1. ) TAN POO YOT 2. ) ONG KIM CHONG @ ONG HWEE CHOO 3. ) ONG KAH HOE 4. ) OCR LAND HOLDINGS SDN BHD 5. ) VISTA CONSTRUCTION SDN BHD (DAHULUNYA DIKENALI SEBAGAI UNILINK SDN BHD) v SRI ALAI SDN BHD
12 March 2026
MYHC
w-01nccw-362-07-2023
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5 March 2026
MYCOA
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HONG XIN CONSTRUCTION SDN BHD v 1. ) ZANA BINA SDN BHD 2. ) CHOK KIM SIN
1 March 2026
MYHC
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1 March 2026
MYHC
ja-22ncvc-175-12-2021
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25 February 2026
MYHC
wa-22m-233-04-2019
KUWAIT FINANCE HOUSE (MALAYSIA) BERHAD v 1. ) WSJ INTERNATIONAL SDN. BHD. 2. ) NOR RAIHAN BINTI AHMAD KAMARUDIN 3. ) IQBAL BIN MOHD AYUB 4. ) MOHAMED BASIR BIN MAIDIN 5. ) RASHID BIN MAIDIN 6. ) MOHAMED IDRIS BIN MOHAMED 7. ) MOHAMED IZHAR BIN KHURSHED AHMAD 8. ) SELVARAJAN A/L MARUTHAMUTHU
25 February 2026
MYHC
wa-22ncc-391-06-2023
CHEK HO SING v 1. ) I-SERVE TRAVEL & TOURS SDN BHD 2. ) DATO ALLAN GOH HWAN HWA 3. ) BONG SOON HENG
21 February 2026
MYHC
da-22ncvc-2-01-2024
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11 February 2026
MYHC
w-02ncvcw-259-02-2023
1. ) HOE FOONG DEVELOPMENT SDN BHD 2. ) SEE KOK SENG v EURO SELASIH SDN BHD
11 February 2026
MYCOA
w-02ncvcw-1499-08-2024
AMBER COURT MANAGEMENT CORPORATION v 1. ) Lonely Planet Inn Sdn. Bhd. 2. ) Joann Wen Law 3. ) Ong Phaik Kooi (Mendakwa Sebagai Seorang Wasi & Wakil Kepada Si Mati, Law Nam Poh (No. K/p: 501006-08-5099) 4. ) Law Wey Ann 5. ) Ong Phaik Kooi 6. ) Law Kim Loon 7. ) Ong Chin Ee 8. ) Teoh Yong Yong 9. ) Tee Soon Hin 10. ) Amber Green Sdn. Bhd.
9 February 2026
MYCOA
ka-22ncvc-21-06-2023
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1 February 2026
MYHC
ja-22ncvc-116-08-2021
SUTIMAN BIN WAGIMIN v AMRIII PROPERTY SDN. BHD.
29 January 2026
MYHC
wa-11ancvc-50-10-2025
1. ) ARWIN SHANT A/L MURALI KRISHNAN 2. ) VIGNESWARY A/P SIMMACHALAM 3. ) S VIJAYALACHEMY A/P R SUBRAMANIAM v MISC BERHAD
29 January 2026
MYHC
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Ng Soh Hoon v 1. ) Yap Liong Boon 2. ) TAN CHUN HONG @ TAN CHOON KIAW
28 January 2026
MYHC
ba-22ncvc-232-06-2023
NAJD AL-ATHEER TRADING CO v BIOMAX RESOURCES SDN BHD
27 January 2026
MYHC