Banking Law

9 cases · March 2019 to June 2026

Case Volume by Year

1
19
1
24
3
25
4
26
2019–2026

Key Issues & Sub-Topics

Banking facilities — Overdraft facilities — Bankers’ acceptance facilities — Letters of credit — Trust receipt facilities — Default under banking facilities secured by registered charges. 1 Secured lending — Multiple registered charges — Enforcement of security — Chargee’s entitlement to realise charged land upon default. 1 Certificate of indebtedness — Conclusive evidence clause — Evidential effect of certificate issued by authorised bank officer — Burden on chargor to establish fraud, manifest error or inaccuracy. 1 Secured indebtedness — Quantum of indebtedness — Whether indebtedness established — Absence of specific challenge to certified amount. 1 Loan facility — Fixed loan facility — Borrower in liquidation — Guarantees — Action against guarantors — Recovery of outstanding indebtedness. 1 Guarantees — Guarantors adjudged bankrupt — Creditor’s right to proceed against guarantors — Co-extensive liability of guarantor and principal debtor. 1 Islamic financing — Cash Line-i — Commodity Murabahah Term Financing-i (CMTF-i) — Guarantee — Default — Acceleration — Cross-default — Demand notices — Certificate of indebtedness — Conclusiveness clause — Finance Service Reserve Account (FSRA) — Operating Account (OA) — Set-off — Liquidation of General Investment Account (GIA) — Whether enforcement proper. 1 Duty of care — Quincecare duty — Elderly preferred customer — Debit card fraud — ATM withdrawals and MEPS transfers over 14 consecutive days — Whether bank put on inquiry by unusual transaction pattern — Whether bank breached duty by failing to exercise fraud detection systems and contractual power to freeze account under Clause 21.1(iv) — Philipp v Barclays Bank UK Plc [2023] 3 WLR 284 distinguished — Bank's duty to honour mandate "save in extreme cases" — Fiduciary duty not arising in banker-customer relationship — BNM guidelines as subsidiary legislation not requiring specific pleading — Causation — Novus actus interveniens — Whether deceased's voluntary disclosure of PIN and surrender of debit card broke chain of causation — "But for" test — Contributory negligence — Apportionment at 40:60 under s.12 Civil Law Act 1956 — Failure to mitigate rejected — Adverse inference under s.114(g) Evidence Act 1950 declined — General damages dismissed for want of evidence — Judgment for Plaintiff at 60% of RM529,774.79 1 Islamic banking — Commodity Murabahah Term Financing-i — Alleged Shariah non-compliance — Whether facility void — Effect of non-— Whether regulatory breach renders contract unenforceable compliance — Set-off — Fixed deposits — Acceleration upon default — Whether termination a condition precedent — Right of bank to combine accounts — Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 ss 28 & 281 — Section 24(e) Contracts Act 1950 1 Islamic finance — Bai' Bithaman Ajil (BBA) facility — Default — Ibra' (rebate) — Whether ibra' deductible in computation of debt upon default by bank — Distinction between early settlement by customer and termination upon default — Conclusive evidence clauses — Whether “manifest error” shown 1 Banker–customer relationship — Right to combine and consolidate accounts — Set-off clause operative post-liquidation — Seven-day notice requirement satisfied by contractual deeming provision — Proof of posting sufficient. 1 Misappropriation of Funds — Knowing Receipt — Constructive Knowledge — Negligence 1 Banker and customer — Joint account — Bank honoured forged cheque presented by surviving joint account holder (“survivor”) — Whether survivorship clause conferred survivor beneficial ownership of the money in joint account — Whether bank absolved its liability under joint account by adhering to survivorship clause — Whether payment made pursuant to survivorship clause by way of a forged cheque and in breach of s 24 of the Bills of Exchange Act 1949 constituted a valid discharge by bank — Whether bank had contractual relationship with respondents — Whether respondents had cause of action over joint account to which they were not parties — Bills of Exchange Act 1949 ss 24 and 73A Evidence Law — Proof — Admissibility — Admissibility of oral evidence — Whether oral evidence could be admitted to contradict written term of banking contract that joint account was personal account — Whether Court of Appeal erred in admitting oral evidence 1

Banking facilities — Overdraft facilities — Bankers’ acceptance facilities — Letters of credit — Trust receipt facilities — Default under banking facilities secured by registered charges. 1 case

Secured lending — Multiple registered charges — Enforcement of security — Chargee’s entitlement to realise charged land upon default. 1 case

Certificate of indebtedness — Conclusive evidence clause — Evidential effect of certificate issued by authorised bank officer — Burden on chargor to establish fraud, manifest error or inaccuracy. 1 case

Secured indebtedness — Quantum of indebtedness — Whether indebtedness established — Absence of specific challenge to certified amount. 1 case

Loan facility — Fixed loan facility — Borrower in liquidation — Guarantees — Action against guarantors — Recovery of outstanding indebtedness. 1 case

Guarantees — Guarantors adjudged bankrupt — Creditor’s right to proceed against guarantors — Co-extensive liability of guarantor and principal debtor. 1 case

Islamic financing — Cash Line-i — Commodity Murabahah Term Financing-i (CMTF-i) — Guarantee — Default — Acceleration — Cross-default — Demand notices — Certificate of indebtedness — Conclusiveness clause — Finance Service Reserve Account (FSRA) — Operating Account (OA) — Set-off — Liquidation of General Investment Account (GIA) — Whether enforcement proper. 1 case

Duty of care — Quincecare duty — Elderly preferred customer — Debit card fraud — ATM withdrawals and MEPS transfers over 14 consecutive days — Whether bank put on inquiry by unusual transaction pattern — Whether bank breached duty by failing to exercise fraud detection systems and contractual power to freeze account under Clause 21.1(iv) — Philipp v Barclays Bank UK Plc [2023] 3 WLR 284 distinguished — Bank's duty to honour mandate "save in extreme cases" — Fiduciary duty not arising in banker-customer relationship — BNM guidelines as subsidiary legislation not requiring specific pleading — Causation — Novus actus interveniens — Whether deceased's voluntary disclosure of PIN and surrender of debit card broke chain of causation — "But for" test — Contributory negligence — Apportionment at 40:60 under s.12 Civil Law Act 1956 — Failure to mitigate rejected — Adverse inference under s.114(g) Evidence Act 1950 declined — General damages dismissed for want of evidence — Judgment for Plaintiff at 60% of RM529,774.79 1 case

Islamic banking — Commodity Murabahah Term Financing-i — Alleged Shariah non-compliance — Whether facility void — Effect of non-— Whether regulatory breach renders contract unenforceable compliance — Set-off — Fixed deposits — Acceleration upon default — Whether termination a condition precedent — Right of bank to combine accounts — Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 ss 28 & 281 — Section 24(e) Contracts Act 1950 1 case

Islamic finance — Bai' Bithaman Ajil (BBA) facility — Default — Ibra' (rebate) — Whether ibra' deductible in computation of debt upon default by bank — Distinction between early settlement by customer and termination upon default — Conclusive evidence clauses — Whether “manifest error” shown 1 case

Banker–customer relationship — Right to combine and consolidate accounts — Set-off clause operative post-liquidation — Seven-day notice requirement satisfied by contractual deeming provision — Proof of posting sufficient. 1 case

Misappropriation of Funds — Knowing Receipt — Constructive Knowledge — Negligence 1 case

Banker and customer — Joint account — Bank honoured forged cheque presented by surviving joint account holder (“survivor”) — Whether survivorship clause conferred survivor beneficial ownership of the money in joint account — Whether bank absolved its liability under joint account by adhering to survivorship clause — Whether payment made pursuant to survivorship clause by way of a forged cheque and in breach of s 24 of the Bills of Exchange Act 1949 constituted a valid discharge by bank — Whether bank had contractual relationship with respondents — Whether respondents had cause of action over joint account to which they were not parties — Bills of Exchange Act 1949 ss 24 and 73A Evidence Law — Proof — Admissibility — Admissibility of oral evidence — Whether oral evidence could be admitted to contradict written term of banking contract that joint account was personal account — Whether Court of Appeal erred in admitting oral evidence 1 case

Key Statutes

cited in 2 cases
Federal Constitution
cited in 1 case
Rules of Court 2012
cited in 1 case
cited in 1 case
cited in 1 case

Court Distribution

Key People & Firms

Cases